I’m sorry to hear about your predicament.
I must tell you that you were wrong in reacting to your wife that way. She informed you that she could not go because of her illness; so, as a Muslim, you ought to have empathized with her. Instead of doing that as a caring husband you further insulted and hurt her by uttering those words. Allah reminds husbands while dealing with spousal disputes that Allah is Hearing and Knowing!
A lesson for every husband is that Allah is watching their words and behavior towards their wives; they will have to give stand for the judgment of Allah. So, for sure you need to repent, apologize to your wife, and take her back (if you meant to divorce her).
You also ought to offer expiation for your offense; feeding ten poor persons or fasting three days. On top of that, you may do well to seek counseling for your anger issue. Anger is a vehicle that Satan uses to destroy us. By failing to control anger, you are being used by Satan who only wants to break up your family.
Remember the lesson that the Prophet taught us when he said, every day Satan gathers his troops, and he sends them out to tempt and lead people astray, and he bestows the highest award on those who managed to break up a marriage.
So, I would urge you to repent, ask forgiveness of Allah and apologize to your wife and take her back and offer the charity to the poor by way of kaffarah or redeeming expiation.
Almighty Allah knows best.
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