Answer
In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
All praise and thanks are due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon His Messenger.
In this fatwa:
One who sleeps through the time of a prayer or who forgets a prayer may make adhan and iqamah when he desires to pray.
In his famous work, Fiqh As-Sunnah, Sheikh Sayyid Sabiq, elaborates on the subject as follows:
One who sleeps through the time of a prayer or who forgets a prayer may make adhan and iqamah when he desires to pray.
In a story recorded by Abu Dawud, when the Prophet peace be upon him) and his companions slept through the time of the morning prayer, he ordered Bilal to make the adhan and iqamah for the prayer.
If one has missed many prayers, it is preferred to make one adhan at the beginning followed by an iqamah for each prayer.
Al-‘Athram says, “I heard Abu `Abdullah (Ahmad) being asked what a man who had missed a prayer should do about the adhan. He mentioned the hadith of Hushaim from Abu az-Zubair…that the idol-worshippers kept the Prophet busy during four of his prayers during the Battle of the Clans. When part of the night had passed, he ordered Bilal to make the adhan and the iqamah and they prayed the afternoon, sunset, and night prayers in succession, each time followed by the iqamah.
Almighty Allah knows best.