Answer
In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
All praise and thanks are due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon His Messenger.
In this fatwa:
One can make up missed prayers after the Fajr or Asr prayers. However, it is disliked to offer voluntary prayer after Fajr and Asr prayers. If you couldn’t pray sunnah before Fajr in congregation, then you should make it up after Fajr and before sunrise.
In his famous work, Fiqh As-Sunnah, Sheikh Sayyid Sabiq, elaborates on the subject as follows:
Making up missed prayer after Fajr and Asr prayers
Most scholars agree that one can make up missed prayers after the Fajr or Asr prayers. This is based on the Prophet’s words, “If someone forgets the prayer, he should pray it when he remembers it.” (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
Offering Sunnah prayer after Fajr and Asr prayers
Concerning voluntary prayers, the following companions disliked such prayers during those times: `Ali, Ibn Mas`ud, Abu Hurairah and Ibn `Umar.
`Umar used to beat those who offered two Rak`ah after the Asr prayers (in the presence of other companions), and was not rebuked. Khalid ibn al-Waleed also used to do this.
The Successors who disliked such prayers were al-Hassan and Sa`eed ibn al-Musayyab. Abu Hanifah and Malik also hated such prayers. Ash-Sahf`i reasoned that prayers at such times are allowable if the person has a reason for that prayer (the prayer of salutation to the mosque, or the prayers after one performs the ablution, and so on). He uses as a proof the fact that the Prophet (peace be upon him) prayed the two Zuhr sunnah Rak`ah after the Asr prayers.
The Hanbali scholars say that it is forbidden to pray during such times even if one has a reason to do so, except in the case of the two Rak`ah for the circumambulation of the Ka`bah. This is based on the Hadith from Jabir ibn Mut`am that the Prophet said, “O tribe of `Abd Manat, do not prevent anyone from circumambulating this house (the Ka`bah) or from praying therein at any time they wish.”
As to the authenticity of the report, it is related by Abu Dawud, an-Nasa`i, at-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah. At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Khuzaimah called it authentic.
Read also:
What Are the Forbidden Times for Prayer?
Times of the Five Daily Prayers
Almighty Allah knows best.
Almighty Allah knows best.