Answer
In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
All praise and thanks are due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon His Messenger.
In this fatwa:
It is out of Allah’s absolute Justice that children are not held accountable for the deeds they do before the age of puberty.
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) has stated this, “The pen has been raised for three persons (meaning they are not held accountable for what they do): one who is sleeping until he gets up, a child until he reaches the age of puberty, and an insane person until he becomes sane.” (Ahmad, Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa’i, Ibn Majah, and Al-Hakim)
It is out of Allah’s absolute Justice that children are not held accountable for the deeds they do before the age of puberty. Not only this, but out of Allah’s infinite mercy and favor they will be rewarded for any good deed they do as well as those who guide and encourage them to do so.
Ibn Rushd said, “The bad deeds of young children are not recorded but their good deeds will be recorded, according to the sound opinion.”
The author of Mawahib al-Jalil said: “The scholars do not differ concerning the fact that children will be rewarded for whatever acts of obedience (to Allah) they do, and will be let off for any bad deeds that they do, and any bad deeds they do deliberately will be counted as mistakes.”
Many scholars said, “Children will be rewarded for their acts of obedience (to Allah), and their good deeds will be recorded, but not their bad deeds.”
Read also:
At What Age Are Muslim Children Encouraged to Fast?
Children Making Hajj: Accepted?
Will a Non-Muslim Child Go to Jannah?
Allah Almighty knows best.
Editor’s note: This fatwa is from Ask the Scholar’s archive and was originally published at an earlier date.