Answer
In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
All praise and thanks are due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon His Messenger.
In this fatwa:
In Islam, the term โHoly Spiritโ or Ar-Ruh al-Qudus refers to the angel Jibreel (Gabriel), not a divine person or essence. The Quran and authentic hadiths consistently describe Jibreel as the Holy Spirit who brought revelation to the prophets, especially to Jesus (Isa) and Muhammad (peace be upon them). This differs significantly from Christian interpretations.
Answering your question, the Fatwa Center at Islam Q and A, states:
Who Is Ar-Ruh al-Qudus in the Quran?
The โHoly Spiritโ (Ar-Ruh al-Qudus) is Jibreel (peace be upon him). Shaykh al-Shanqeeti said: โThe words of Allah (interpretation of the meaning), โand (We) supported him with Ar-Ruh al-Qudusโ (al-Baqarah 2:87) refer to Jibreel according to the most sound view. This is indicated by the words (interpretation of the meaning): โWhich the trustworthy Rooh has brought downโ (al-Shuโaraโ 26:193) and โthen We sent to her our Roohโ (Maryam 19:17).โ
What Do the Scholars Say About the Holy Spirit?
Ibn Abi Hatim narrated from Ahmad ibn Sinanโฆ Abuโl-Zaโraโ told us: โAbd-Allah said: Ar-Ruh al-Qudus (โthe Holy Spiritโ) is Jibreel, then he said: something similar was narrated from Muhammad ibn Kaโb al-Qurazi, Qutadah, โAtiyah al-โAwfi, al-Saddi and al-Rabiโ ibn Anas.
Evidence from the Sunnah About the Holy Spirit
This view is supported by the above and by the report narrated by the two Shaykhs (al-Bukhaari and Muslim) with their isnads from Abu Salamah ibn โAbd al-Rahman ibn โAwf, that he heard Hasan ibn Thabit al-Ansari asking Abu Hurayrah to bear witness, โI ask you by Allah, did you hear the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say, โO Hasan, respond on behalf of the Messenger of Allah. O Allah, support him with Ar-Ruh al-Qudusโ?โ Abu Hurayrah said, โYes.โ (Al-Tafsir al-Masbur by Dr. Hikmat Basheer, 1/192-193)
Ibn Taymiyyah said:
โThe majority of scholars said that this refers to Jibreel (peace be upon him), and that Allah called him al-Ruh al-Amin, Ar-Ruh al-Qudus and Jibreel.โ (Daqaโiq al-Tafsir, part 1, p. 310)
He wrote an entire chapter on that and said:
โChapter on the meaning of Ar-Ruh al-Qudus:
Allah said:
โO โEesa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary)! Remember My Favour to you and to your mother when I supported you with Rooh ul Qudus (Jibreel (Gabriel))โฆโ (Al-Maaโidah 5:110)
Support of the Prophets Through Ar-Ruh al-Qudus
Allah supported the Messiah (peace be upon him) with Ar-Ruh al-Qudus as He mentions in this aayah. In al-Baqarah Allah says (interpretation of the meaning):
โAnd We gave โEesa (Jesus), the son of Maryam (Mary), clear signs and supported him with Rooh-ul-Qudus (Jibreel (Gabriel).) (Al-Baqarah 2:87)
โThose Messengers! We preferred some of them to others; to some of them Allรขh spoke (directly); others He raised to degrees (of honour); and to โEesa (Jesus), the son of Maryam (Mary), We gave clear proofs and evidences, and supported him with Ruh al-Qudus (Jibreel (Gabriel))โ (Al-Baqarah 2:253)
This is not limited only to the Messiah; others were also supported in this way. The scholars mentioned that Dawud said, โDo not stop supporting me with Ar-Ruh al-Qudus.โ And our Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to Hasan ibn Thabit, โO Allah, support him with Ar-Ruh al-Qudus.โ According to another report: โAr-Ruh al-Qudus will be with you so long as you are defending His Prophet.โ Both versions are narrated in al-Sahih.
Difference between Islamic and Christian Views of the Holy Spirit
According to the Christians, the โHoly Spiritโ dwelt in the Disciples, and according to them the โHoly Spiritโ is something experienced by all of the Prophets. But Allah says in al-Nahl:
โSay (O Muhammad) Rooh ul Qudus (Jibreel (Gabriel)) has brought it (the Quran) down from your Lord with truth, that it may make firm and strengthen (the Faith of) those who believe, and as a guidance and glad tidings to those who have submitted (to Allah as Muslims).โ (An-Nahl 16:102)
โWhich the trustworthy Rooh (Jibreel (Gabriel)) has brought down upon your heart (O Muhammad).โ (Al-Shuโaraโ 26:193)
โWhoever is an enemy to Jibreel (Gabriel) (let him die in his fury), for indeed he has brought it (this Qurโaan) down to your heart.โ (Al-Baqarah 2:97)
So it is clear that Ar-Ruh al-Qudus here refers to Jibreelโฆ No one suggests that Ar-Ruh al-Qudus means the life of Allah; nor is this indicated by the wording and this phrase is never used in that sense.โ (Daqaaโiq al-Tafseer, part 2, p. 92)
Almighty Allah knows best.
Source: Islam Q&A.