Answer
Asalamu Alaikum Khalid,
Thank you for contacting About Islam with your question.
The main principle in a truly Islamic government is that decisions are reached through consultation. The verses in the Quran which make this clear include one verse encouraging consultation in all decision making.
A verse describing the process of consultation that a leader should do and a verse which illustrates that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him-PBUH) was always consulting the people to find out what needed to be done.
How these principles are put into practice in various situations depends a lot on the practicalities of the situation.
However, it seems clear to me that the descriptions of consultation, combined with various hadith about the need to elect a leader to make decisions, imply strongly, that the Islamic form of Government is presidential rather than parliamentary.
One point which is worth noting is that the leader has the final responsibility to carry out thorough consultation. This should involve actively seeking out knowledge from all kinds of people, not just depending on the political institutions to provide all the advisers and critics.
Here are the verses I referred to:
{[…] but that which is with God is better and more lasting: (it is) for those who believe and put their trust in their Lord […] Those who hearken to their Lord, and establish regular Prayer; who (conduct) their affairs by mutual Consultation; who spend out of what We bestow on them for Sustenance.} (Quran 42:38)
{So by mercy from Allah , [O Muhammad], you were lenient with them. And if you had been rude [in speech] and harsh in heart, they would have disbanded from about you. So pardon them and ask forgiveness for them and consult them in the matter. And when you have decided, then rely upon Allah . Indeed, Allah loves those who rely [upon Him].} (Quran 3:159)
{Among them are men who molest the Prophet and say, “He is (all) ear.” Say, “He listens to what is best for you: he believes in God, has faith in the Believers, and is a Mercy to those of you who believe.” But those who molest the Apostle will have a grievous penalty.} (Quran 9:61)
I hope this helps answer your question.
Walaikum Asalam and please keep in touch.
Please continue feeding your curiosity, and find more info in the following links:
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